Coronary Artery Disease

We specialize in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease, offering interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, and lifestyle modifications to improve heart health.

Understanding Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Guide

Your Coronary Arteries and Coronary Artery Disease:

What are Coronary Arteries?

Coronary arteries are vital blood vessels situated on the surface of your heart. They play a crucial role in supplying your heart with the oxygen-rich blood it needs to function optimally.

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease is a condition where a waxy substance known as plaque accumulates within your coronary arteries. This plaque build-up causes your arteries to become rigid and narrow, reducing blood flow to your heart. The outcome can be chest pain or discomfort, commonly referred to as angina. Additionally, plaque can lead to blood clots, which may culminate in a heart attack.

Unravelling the Causes and Risk Factors:

What Causes Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease often arises from the gradual accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries. This plaque, composed mainly of cholesterol, adheres to the vessel walls, a condition known as atherosclerosis.

Understanding Risk Factors:

Certain factors can elevate your risk of developing coronary artery disease. These risk factors can be categorized into modifiable (changeable) and non-modifiable (unchangeable) factors.

Modifiable Risk Factors (Can Be Changed):

  • Smoking
  • High cholesterol
  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Physical inactivity
  • Overweight
  • Depression
  • Social isolation

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors (Cannot Be Changed):

  • Male aged over 45
  • Female aged over 55
  • Family history

Managing your risk factors through lifestyle changes is essential in mitigating your risk of coronary artery disease.

Recognising Signs and Symptoms:

What Are the Signs and Symptoms?

Signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease manifest when a significant plaque accumulation occurs over time. Early stages of the disease may be asymptomatic. Symptoms can vary from person to person.
Refer to the diagram below to identify common heart attack symptoms for both men and women.
Please note that symptoms may differ among individuals. If you are experiencing any symptoms mentioned in the diagram, consult your doctor promptly. If you suspect a heart attack, follow the Heart Foundation’s Heart Attack Action Plan.

Diagnostic and Treatment Options:

Exploring Diagnostic Tests and Procedures:

Numerous tests and procedures are available for diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease, including:

  • Blood tests
  • Exercise stress test
  • Chest x-ray
  • ECG (Electrocardiogram)
  • Echocardiography
  • CT coronary angiogram
  • Cardiac MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
  • Nuclear medicine scans (e.g., Sestamibi scan) Coronary angiogram

Understanding Treatment Options:

While coronary artery disease cannot be cured, there are treatments to manage symptoms and support a healthier life. Possible treatments include:

  • Lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.
  • Medications – find guidance from our pharmacist.
  • Coronary angioplasty and stenting – learn more about the procedure here.
  • Coronary bypass surgery – explore further details here.

Planning for the Future:

What is the Future Plan?

A diagnosis of coronary artery disease should not be cause for panic. With the right treatment, most individuals can lead active and fulfilling lives. We are here to help you understand how to do this.

Staying in regular contact with your healthcare professional team is crucial. Adhere to the treatment and medication plan provided by your doctor. If you have any questions or uncertainties, do not hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Participating in cardiac rehabilitation can be tremendously beneficial. It empowers you to learn how to maintain your health, boosts your confidence in managing your condition, and diminishes the risk of complications. Learn more about the advantages of cardiac rehabilitation and how it can benefit you.

Remember that while coronary artery disease has no definitive cure, with the assistance of your doctor and healthcare professional team, you can reduce the risk of complications, manage symptoms effectively, and live a healthier life.